KEY POINTS Chapter 10 
Essential Question: What political and social changes from the early Middle Ages in Europe to the late Middle Ages helped to pull Europe out of its backward period? 
Don't you dare tell me I spelled "more" wrong.
Identify: 
moldboard - better plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil
Clovis - warrior chieftain...ummm...like...idk, help alex :( 
Clovis - warrior chieftain, converted to Christianity about 496c.e. which allowed him dominion over the franks, which gave moar powar to the almighty supar pope! graarr!
Benedict of Nursia - developed monastic rules in the 6th century, spread benedictine monasteries promoted Christianity in west Europe
feudalism - like manoralism, medieval political system of economic and political  relations with landlords and their peasant laborers...key mutual military and political relationships in western Europe
Charlemagne - carlogian  ruler, Charles the great, established a substantial empire in France and Germany around 800 c.e.
investiture - practice of state appointment
scholasticism-movement within the Catholic Church to explain the religion with intellectual terms
Thomas Aquinas-monk who pretty much started scholasticism by using earlier Greek and roman ethical thinking 

The Flavor of the Middle Ages: Pork Basted In Fresh Apples With A Hint Of Lemon 

1.	How did Western Europe in the Post Classical period compare to the Islamic world of the Post Classical period? 
1.	they were inferior, they lagged behind in their economy in terms of its economy, technological development, and learning during much of the Middle Ages 
2.	Describe how Europeans reacted to Islam.  
	They learned from it though they still hated the Muslims, the hostility came from their desire to limit Muslim power. The Crusades were an outgrowth of Western anxiety about the growth of Islam. 
3.	Who could read and write in Europe at this time?  
	The monks/church hierarchy 
4.	List the areas in which Post classical Europeans advanced. 
1.	population grew,
2.	the economy blossomed,
3.	political units became more effective and covered larger territories
4.	artistic and intellectual life took shape.

Stages of The Postal Service's Classical Development 

1.	Where was the geographic center of Post Classical Europe? 
2.	List what problems plagued Western Europe from 550CE-900CE. 
1.	Rome decline -> screwed up everybody 
1.	fragmented 
2.	intellectual life = sewage 
3.	Muslim invasions 
4.	frequent invasions -> weak west 
5.	weak rulers, stupid subsistence agriculture -> bunch of farming idiots 
3.	Describe what manoralism was. 
1.	the system of economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers.
4.	Describe what life was like for a serf in Post Classical Europe. 
1.	most people were serfs 
1.	lived on self sufficient agriculture estates called manors 
2.	offered protection by landlords 
3.	had to pay rent
5.	Describe the Christian Church hierarchy. 
1.	copied the government of the roman empire 
1.	pope - top authority 
2.	bishops - regional church leaders 
3.	priests - appointed by bishops 
4.	
6.	Who appointed most bishops during this period in Europe? 
1.	monarchs and local lords
7.	What contributions did monasteries make? 
1.	help discipline the intense spirituality felt by some individual Christians, people who devoted themselves to religion because their lives sucked 
2.	put rules in place, see Benedict 
3.	helped cultivate the land 
4.	educated people and promoted literacy
8.	What was significant about the Battle of Tours? 
1.	franks defeated the Muslims in 732 helped confine Muslims to Spain and helped preserve Europe for Christianity
9.	What Carolingian ruler was able to build an empire in Western Europe around 800CE? What happened to this empire? 
1.	Charlemagne 
1.	it looked like it was going to be a good idea, but after he died it split up into 3 parts for sons, became France Germany and Switzerland and northern Italy, his sons sucked at ruling 
10.	Describe the characteristic political history of Western Europe. 
1.	gradual emergence of regional monarchies, durable empires seemed impossible 
1.	no bureaucracy, competing loyalties = no empire for you
11.	What provided the basis of cultural unity in Western Europe during the Middle Ages? What caused disunity? 
1.	catholic Christianity = unity 
2.	no single language, political divisions, no single government = no unity 
12.	List what advance were made in agriculture in the 9th century. Explain how these advances affected trade, population growth, and trade. 
1.	languages became a little more universal after the 9th century 
2.	new agricultural techniques from Asian raiders,
3.	the new moldboard plow, and
4.	three-field system,
5.	new horse collar and stirrups 
1.	all this = made everything easier = moar people = moar people to sell stuff to = moar towns = advancement in civilization GOOD JOB WESTERN EUROPE
13.	Describe what changes were taking place in education in the late Middle Ages in Europe. 
1.	Within the towns, a formal education system, at first organized around cathedrals, began to emerge. From these foundations sprang the medieval universities, specializing in theology, law, and medicine. 
14.	Explain how feudalism worked. 
1.	like manoralism, medieval political system of economic and political  relations with landlords and their peasant laborers...key mutual military and political relationships in western Europe 
15.	What effect did European feudalism have on the development of centralized states? 
1.	at first it was very local -> then covered a large area -> Charlemagne promoted feudalism -> grew
16.	Who was responsible for introducing feudalism to England? When? 
1.	the duke of Normandy, 1066
17.	What was the Magna Carta? When was it signed? 
1.	confirmed feudal rights against monarchs, limited king's ability. Signed in 1215
18.	What were parliaments? Why were they created? 
1.	bodies that represented not individual voters but privileged groups, because of the feudal balance
19.	In the 14th century, what war was fought between France and England? 
1.	the hundred years war
20.	List 3 examples of European expansionist movements in the Post Classical period. 
21.	Who called for the 1st Crusade? When?  
	Pope Urban-VII? 1095 
22.	Why would someone go a Crusade?  
	to go to heaven and have their sins remissed, pilgrimage to the Holy Land 
23.	What resulted from the 1st Crusade?  
	Jerusalem was taken by the Crusaders 
24.	What Muslim leader is responsible for taking Jerusalem back?  
	Saladin aka Salah- ud Din 
25.	What were the Western Crusaders exposed to as a result of the Crusades?  
	advanced technology, such as military tech, algebra 
26.	Describe how St. Clare tried to reform the Catholic church. 
1.	created order of Franciscans, devoted to poverty and service in Europe's bustling cities
27.	What dispute did Pope Gregory VII and Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV have? 
1.	debated over investiture, state appointment

Western Cultures in the Post Classical Era: A History of Yogurt 

1.	What was the dominant intellectual theme in the Middle Ages in Europe? 
1.	logic
2.	What resulted from this intellectual pursuit? (2 items) 
1.	growth of western universities and
2.	reinvigorated the pursuit of ancient knowledge and imports from the Islamic world. 
1.	Did the Europeans make many advances in science during this period? 
1.	yes, it accelerated
2.	Describe what characterized popular religion. 
1.	the interpretation of the religion, rituals followed but contradict christian morality
3.	Describe what characterized Medieval art. 
1.	it reflected the popular outlook and the more formal religion of theologians and church leaders
4.	What new style of architecture emerged in Western Europe during this period?  
	Gothic. No not The Cure.  
5.	List examples of vernacular pieces of literature. 
1.	
2.	Beowulf 
3.	the song of Roland 
4.	Canterbury tales 
5.	whatever

Changing Economic and Social Forums in the Post Classical Centuries: Development of the Web Browser 

1.	Describe how the economy changed with urban growth. 
1.	The medieval economy rapidly departed from classical norms to develop a more expansive and productive economic life. allowed more specialized manufacturing and commercial activities 
2.	What goods were exported/imported? within Europe also? 
1.	spices and luxury items from Asia, European cloth and some other products for polished goods of east, exchanged timber and grain from north for cloth and metal from south
3.	What was the Hanseatic League? 
1.	cities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia grouped together to encourage trade
4.	What were guilds?  
	like unions now, groups of people who had the same craft so everybody could get work and the people wouldn't be cheated 
5.	List examples of how Western women had higher status than Muslim women. 
1.	women have cultural prestige, Christianity promoted equality of all souls, no veils, less confined to house, no segregated services 
2.	

The Decline of the Medieval Style Thesis Statement 

1.	What war was fought between France and England in the 14th and 15th centuries?  
	the hundred years' war 
2.	What significant changes took place during this war?  
	lords stopped using peasants to fight wars, instead actually did something smart and hired professional armies. DUH. 
3.	What resulted from the Black Death? 
1.	a bunch of dead folks. LOL. and AIDS was developed by the peasants to prevent the plague no it didn't. and look where that got us. stupid peasants. trade was broke which means...Their stock exchanges imploded.
4.	What three medieval institutions showed signs of stain by the 15th century? 
1.	The landowning aristocracy lost its monopoly over the execution of war. Aristocratic life became progressively more mannered. The ability of the Church to manage the development of Christianity, the most important unifying element of the medieval West, declined during the later Middle Ages. As a result, popular heresies flourished. Scholasticism lost its dynamism